About Acne

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The desire exists today to find new and inovative ways to treat acne and other skin conditions naturally without the use of drugs, lasers and sometimes harmful chemicals. This is not an unrealistic acne treatment goal. It is possible to live with, control and manage acne safely and effectively.

Most acne suffers have gained much knowledge in their battle with this skin condition, but unfortunately, most of the gained knowledge has not been helpful in solving the problem. Sadly most information available is about acne treatments that do not work, which results in years of frustration for the acne sufferer as usually they continue seeking information and migrate from dermatologist to dermatologist for years in their search for the best acne treatment answer. Knowledge of the symptoms does not solve the 'cause or etiology' of acne.

Acne vulgaris (common acne) is a condition of the sebaceous glands of the skin. These sebaceous glands surround each hair follicle and produce sebum, an oily substance, to lubricate the hair. Acne usually appears on the face, back and chest.

Acne is the most common skin disease during adolescence and early adulthood. It peaks in females between the ages of 14 and 17 and in males between the ages of 16 and 19. Males are affected more severely than females. Eighty-five percent of high school students will have some acne. Ten percent of those with adolescent acne will continue to suffer from it into their 20's and 30's. And sometimes "adult acne" will begin in the 20's, 30's and 40's and later years and continue due to stress and fatigue which can cause increased production of hormones by the adrenal gland with increased levels of androgens. These hormones worsen acne. Six percent of females and eight percent of males in their fifties and later still suffer from acne. Acne affects more than 17 million adult Americans and approximately 60 million adults in other countries.

The disease usually begins one to two years before puberty and is caused by stimulation of the facial sebaceous glands by androgens, the male hormones. (Women also produce small quantities of male hormones; this is the basis of acne in women.) It is thought that acne sufferers, rather than having higher levels of the hormones, actually have sebaceous glands that are more sensitive to the hormone.

Three Acne-Causing Factors

Acne is caused by three factors:

  1. Abnormal keratinization of the lining of the sebaceous glands caused by androgen stimulation, resulting in plugging of the gland.
  2. Increased production of sebum by the sebaceous gland due to androgen stimulation.
  3. A bacterium, Propionibacterium acnes, proliferates within the gland and modifies the sebum. Propionibacterium acnes is a bacterium normally found on the skin.

The plugging of the gland and the action of the bacterium cause an intense inflammatory reaction, resulting in a blackhead (open comedone) or a whitehead (closed comedone). The color of the blackhead is due to melanin granules and is not dirt. Continued plugging and inflammation lead to the pustules (pimples), papules and cysts of acne.

Factors That Worsen Acne

Goals of Acne Therapy

  1. Decrease the abnormal keratinization of the sebaceous gland
  2. Decrease production of sebum
  3. Reduce the bacterial effect
  4. Decrease inflammation

Acne Scars

The term "scarring" refers to a fibrous process in which new collagen is laid down to heal an injury. It affects 30% of those with moderate or severe acne vulgaris. Most people will have acne scars that are mild. However, some will have scars that look significant even to others. There are a number of different looking scars caused by acne. They can be classified as follows:

Acne Rosacea

Acne rosacea is the combination of acne and rosacea. Rosacea is sometimes confused with acne; its symptoms include facial redness, papules and pustules, but no pimples, blackheads or whiteheads. To learn more about rosacea, visit our Rosacea-Ltd web site.

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This page last updated: May 13, 2008

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